Incidence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in the School Period in a Municipality in Southern Brazil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of dental caries and associated factors in the school period from six/seven to ten years of age. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study involving 168 children was followed up between 2015 and 2019 in the municipality of Palhoça, Brazil. The dependent variable was the caries incidence rate in the mixed dentition. The independent variables included information regarding demographic and socioeconomic status. Multivariate analyzes were carried out using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Variables with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the adjusted model. Relative risks were estimated, as well as 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 168 followed schoolchildren, 32 developed the disease, providing an incidence rate of 19.0%. Female children had a 10% higher risk [RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.03; 1.18)] of developing caries than males. Also, children born from fathers with ≤ 8 years of schooling at baseline had a 9% higher risk [RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.01; 1.16)] of developing dental caries compared to fathers with higher education. Conclusion: The incidence of dental caries in a four-year period was 19.0%. Females and children born from fathers with a lower level of education showed higher incidence rates.

Prenatal, neonatal and postnatal factors and the developmental defects of dental enamel / Fatores pré-natais, neonatais e pós-natais e defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel and its possible association with prenatal, neonatal and postnatal conditions in six-year-old schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 655 six-year-old schoolchildren. Sociodemographic and health data were collected through interviews with mothers and children's oral examinations at schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 44.0%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent, followed by diffuse opacities. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were independently associated with the prevalence of demarcated opacities. Conclusions: The prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel was 44.0%. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were associated with the prevalences.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário e sua possível associação com fatores pré-natais, neonatais e pós-natais em escolares de seis anos de idade em um município do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal envolvendo 655 escolares de seis anos de idade. Os dados sociodemográficos e de saúde foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com as mães e exames bucais das crianças nas escolas. As análises multivariadas foram realizadas por meio de regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte foi de 44,0%. As opacidades demarcadas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas das difusas. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança foram independentemente associados à prevalência de opacidades demarcadas. Conclusões: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário foi de 44,0%. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos de estudo, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança estiveram associados às prevalências.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale for use in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) was developed to assess the satisfaction of patients undergoing sedation with monitored anesthesia care. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the ISAS instrument and evaluate the acceptability, validity, and reliability of the proposed Brazilian version (ISAS-Br). METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation process involved translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, pre-testing, and final review of the ISAS-Br. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 127 adult individuals undergoing ambulatory surgeries with moderate/deep sedation. The acceptability, reliability, and construct validity of the scale were assessed. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process did not require significant changes to the final version of the scale. The ISAS-Br demonstrated excellent acceptability, with a completion rate of 99% and an average completion time of 4.6 minutes. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: emotional well-being, physical comfort, and anxiety relief, with respective composite reliability coefficient values of 0.874, 0.580, and 0.428. The test-retest reliability of the ISAS-Br, measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.42 to 0.83), and the Bland-Altman plot showed satisfactory agreement between the measurements. CONCLUSION: The proposed Brazilian version of the ISAS underwent successful cross-cultural adaptation according to international standards. It demonstrated good acceptability and reliability, regarding the assessment of temporal stability. However, the ISAS-Br exhibited low internal consistency for some factors, indicating that this instrument lacks sensitivity to assess the satisfaction of deeply sedated patients. Further studies are necessary to explore the hypotheses raised based on the knowledge of its psychometric properties.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated factors in six-year-old children. / Consumo de alimentos ultra processados e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade.

This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed.

O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e a frequência semanal de consumo de certos alimentos ultra processados por crianças de seis anos e fatores associados em município do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 956 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com mães nos domicílios. Os desfechos foram o consumo de balas, chicletes, pirulitos e chocolates; bolachas recheadas; sucos artificiais; e refrigerantes por meio do Índice Alimentação do Escolar. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade e ocupação materna, amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva e utilização de mamadeira. A análise bivariada foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado, e a multivariada por meio da regressão de Poisson. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência semanal do consumo de bolacha recheada foi 14% maior nos alunos de escolas públicas e 8% maior em filhos de mães com escolaridade menor do que oito anos. O consumo de suco artificial foi 7% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas e 6% maior nas crianças que fizeram uso de mamadeira. O consumo de refrigerantes foi 8% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas. A maioria dos escolares consumia os alimentos ultra processados estudados de uma a duas vezes na semana. O consumo mostrou-se associado às variáveis independentes estudadas.

Consumo de alimentos ultra processados e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade / Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated factors in six-year-old children

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e a frequência semanal de consumo de certos alimentos ultra processados por crianças de seis anos e fatores associados em município do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 956 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com mães nos domicílios. Os desfechos foram o consumo de balas, chicletes, pirulitos e chocolates; bolachas recheadas; sucos artificiais; e refrigerantes por meio do Índice Alimentação do Escolar. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade e ocupação materna, amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva e utilização de mamadeira. A análise bivariada foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado, e a multivariada por meio da regressão de Poisson. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência semanal do consumo de bolacha recheada foi 14% maior nos alunos de escolas públicas e 8% maior em filhos de mães com escolaridade menor do que oito anos. O consumo de suco artificial foi 7% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas e 6% maior nas crianças que fizeram uso de mamadeira. O consumo de refrigerantes foi 8% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas. A maioria dos escolares consumia os alimentos ultra processados estudados de uma a duas vezes na semana. O consumo mostrou-se associado às variáveis independentes estudadas.

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed.

Transcultural adaptation of a scale for exclusive breastfeeding to be used in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding for use in a Brazilian-Portuguese context. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the translation from original English into Brazilian Portuguese by two qualified and independent translators. Both translations were synthesized into a single version that was back-translated into English. An expert committee was created to assess linguistic equivalences, formulating a pre-final version that was tested on ten nursing women attending a maternity hospital. To assess its psychometric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 99 nursing women from a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. The scale's stability and internal consistency were measured through Cronbach's alpha. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient between two applications were assessed to ascertain the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br scale's reliability. The construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. RESULTS: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br showed a general Cronbach's alpha of 0.849. The test-retest analysis showed a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.483 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.645. The exploratory factorial analysis showed two domains among the nine items of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br: the functional domain, including six items, and the cognitive domain, including three items, explaining 59.77% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br was considered adequate for the cultural context and reliable and valid for Brazilian nursing women.

Prenatal, neonatal and postnatal factors and the developmental defects of dental enamel.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel and its possible association with prenatal, neonatal and postnatal conditions in six-year-old schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian municipality. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 655 six-year-old schoolchildren. Sociodemographic and health data were collected through interviews with mothers and children's oral examinations at schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimator. RESULTS: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 44.0%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent, followed by diffuse opacities. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were independently associated with the prevalence of demarcated opacities. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel was 44.0%. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were associated with the prevalences.

A carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de um ano / The burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period

Resumo A COVID-19 gerou impacto na sociedade com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A utilização de indicador epidemiológico que estime a carga de doença, agregando em uma medida a mortalidade precoce e os casos não fatais, tem potencial de auxiliar no planejamento de ações adequadas em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis/SC de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de notificação e óbitos por COVID-19 no período de 12 meses. Utilizou-se o indicador de carga denominado Anos de Vida Perdidos Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY), obtido pela soma dos Anos de Vida Perdidos (YLL) com os Anos Vividos com Incapacidade (YLD). Foram incluídos 78.907 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Desses, 763 evoluíram a óbito no período estudado. No total, foram estimados 4.496,6 DALYs, taxa de 883,8 DALYs/100.000 habitantes. No sexo masculino, foram 2.693,1 DALYs, taxa de 1.098,0 DALYs/100.000 homens. Em mulheres, foram 1.803,8 DALYs, taxa de 684,4 DALYs/100.000 mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida em ambos os sexos foi de 60 a 69 anos. Foi alta a carga de COVID-19 na cidade estudada. As maiores taxas foram encontradas no sexo feminino e na faixa-etária de 60-69 anos.

Abstract COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group.

The burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period. / A carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de um ano.

COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group.

A COVID-19 gerou impacto na sociedade com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A utilização de indicador epidemiológico que estime a carga de doença, agregando em uma medida a mortalidade precoce e os casos não fatais, tem potencial de auxiliar no planejamento de ações adequadas em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis/SC de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de notificação e óbitos por COVID-19 no período de 12 meses. Utilizou-se o indicador de carga denominado Anos de Vida Perdidos Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY), obtido pela soma dos Anos de Vida Perdidos (YLL) com os Anos Vividos com Incapacidade (YLD). Foram incluídos 78.907 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Desses, 763 evoluíram a óbito no período estudado. No total, foram estimados 4.496,6 DALYs, taxa de 883,8 DALYs/100.000 habitantes. No sexo masculino, foram 2.693,1 DALYs, taxa de 1.098,0 DALYs/100.000 homens. Em mulheres, foram 1.803,8 DALYs, taxa de 684,4 DALYs/100.000 mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida em ambos os sexos foi de 60 a 69 anos. Foi alta a carga de COVID-19 na cidade estudada. As maiores taxas foram encontradas no sexo feminino e na faixa-etária de 60-69 anos.

What is the impact of national public expenditure and its allocation on neonatal and child mortality? A machine learning analysis.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the impact of national public expenditure and its allocation on child mortality may help governments move towards target 3.2 proposed in the 2030 Agenda. The objective of this study was to estimate the impacts of governmental expenditures, total, on health, and on other sectors, on neonatal mortality and mortality of children aged between 28 days and five years. METHODS: This study has an ecological design with a population of 147 countries, with data between 2012 and 2019. Two steps were used: first, the Generalized Propensity Score of public spending was calculated; afterward, the Generalized Propensity Score was used to estimate the expenditures' association with mortality rates. The primary outcomes were neonatal mortality rates (NeoRt) and mortality rates in children between 28 days and 5 years (NeoU5Rt). RESULTS: The 1% variation in Int$ Purchasing Power Parity (Int$ PPP) per capita in total public expenditures, expenditure in health, and in other sectors were associated with a variation of -0.635 (95% CI -1.176, -0.095), -2.17 (95% CI -3.051, -1.289) -0.632 (95% CI -1.169, -0.095) in NeoRt, respectively The same variation in public expenditures in sectors other than health, was associates with a variation of -1.772 (95% CI -6.219, -1.459) on NeoU5Rt. The results regarding the impact of total and health public spending on NeoU5Rt were not consistent. CONCLUSION: Public investments impact mortality in children under 5 years of age. Likely, the allocation of expenditures between the health sector and the other social sectors will have different impacts on mortality between the NeoRt and the NeoU5Rt.

Positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women / Triagem positiva para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder and associated factors in high-risk pregnant women at a reference hospital of the Brazilian Public Health System. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 184 high-risk pregnant women at the Maternity at the Hospital Regional de São José , SC, Brazil. Positive screening for major depressive disorder using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was selected as the dependent variable. Socio-demographic and pregnancy-related variables were also collected. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator, including all variables that presented a p-value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis. Statistically significant differences were considered when p ≤ 0.05. Results: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder was 37.5%. Non-white skin color, income of less than USD 572,56 per month and maternal age of less than 18 years or greater than or equal to 35 years were statistically and independently associated with positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women. Conclusion: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder in the high-risk pregnant women studied was 37.5%. The frequency was statistically associated with skin color, family income and extremes in the maternal age.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior e fatores associados em gestantes de alto risco em uma maternidade de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 184 gestantes de alto risco da Maternidade do Hospital Regional de São José, SC, Brasil. A variável dependente foi o rastreio de transtorno depressivo maior por meio da aplicação da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo. Foram coletadas ainda variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas à gestação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto, incluindo todas as variáveis que apresentaram valor de p < 0,20 na análise bivariada. Consideraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: A frequência de rastreio positivo para transtorno depressivo foi de 37,5%. Cor da pele não branca, renda mensal inferior a USD 572,56 e idade materna inferior a 18 anos ou superior ou igual a 35 anos foram estatística e independentemente associadas ao rastreamento positivo para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco. Conclusão: A frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco estudadas foi de 37,5%. A frequência mostrou-se estatisticamente associada com cor de pele, renda familiar e extremos de idade materna.

Effects of the application of a food processing-based classification system in obese women: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Background: Obesity is one of the major public health problems worldwide and contributes to the onset of many diseases, especially the ones related to the metabolic syndrome. The new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population bring a new food classification based on food processing and prioritizes the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Aim: This study analyzed the effects of an educational intervention on obese women, on their weight loss, quality of life, components of the metabolic syndrome and pain. Methods: Randomized controlled pilot study, including 40 obese women, randomized into 2 groups: control group and intervention group. An educational intervention with 5 biweekly meetings of 90 min based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population (2014) was carried out involving the intervention group. Parameters related to weight loss, quality of life (SF-36), pain (McGill), bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness, and serum and clinical components of metabolic syndrome, as well as serum concentrations of cytokines were assessed. Results: Significantly decrease of body mass, waist and hip circumferences, basal metabolic rate, extracellular water, body capacitance, and body cell mass were observed in the intervention group after 3 months. Reduction of pain and improvement in quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness were also observed in the intervention group. There were reductions in waist circumference and glycemia, components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: This study showed that the educational intervention can be associated with weight loss, increase in quality of life, reduction of pain, and better metabolic syndrome parameters in obese women.

First Thousand Days of Child Life and the Development of Risk Factors for Malocclusions

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children in a municipality in southern Brazil / Prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos em um município do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 956 six-year-old schoolchildren from Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Home interviews were conducted with mothers in which socio-demographic and house environmental conditions information were obtained, and the International Study of Athma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for allergic rhinitis symptoms was applied. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms was 21.7%. Children whose mothers had over 8 years of education, or who had air conditioning equipment in the house, or whose bedroom walls presented mold or moisture showed statistically significant and independent 5% higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Similarly, children of smoker mothers or those who lived with fur or feather animals indoors showed a 4% higher prevalence. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between socio-demographic factors and environmental conditions in child's home and allergic rhinitis symptoms in children aged six years.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal envolvendo 956 escolares de seis anos de idade do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com as mães sobre as informações sociodemográficas e as condições ambientais da casa e foi aplicado o questionário ISAAC para sintomas de rinite alérgica. Análises bivariada e multivariada hierarquizada foram realizadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica foi de 21,7%. Crianças cujas mães apresentavam escolaridade maior que oito anos ou com presença de aparelho de ar condicionado ou mofo/umidade nas paredes do quarto em que dormiam apresentaram prevalência 5% maior, estatisticamente significativa e independente, de rinite alérgica. Da mesma forma, crianças com mães tabagistas ou que conviviam com animais de pelo ou pena dentro de casa apresentaram prevalência 4% maior. Conclusão: Foram observadas associações significativas entre fatores sociodemográficos e condições ambientais da casa da criança e sintomas de rinite alérgica em crianças de seis anos de idade.

Transcultural adaptation of a scale for exclusive breastfeeding to be used in Brazil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding for use in a Brazilian-Portuguese context. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the translation from original English into Brazilian Portuguese by two qualified and independent translators. Both translations were synthesized into a single version that was back-translated into English. An expert committee was created to assess linguistic equivalences, formulating a pre-final version that was tested on ten nursing women attending a maternity hospital. To assess its psychometric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 99 nursing women from a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. The scale's stability and internal consistency were measured through Cronbach's alpha. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient between two applications were assessed to ascertain the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br scale's reliability. The construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. RESULTS: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br showed a general Cronbach's alpha of 0.849. The test-retest analysis showed a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.483 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.645. The exploratory factorial analysis showed two domains among the nine items of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br: the functional domain, including six items, and the cognitive domain, including three items, explaining 59.77% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br was considered adequate for the cultural context and reliable and valid for Brazilian nursing women.

Planetary health and health education in Brazil: Facing inequalities.

Brazil has the world's fifth-largest population and seventh-largest economy. However, it also has many inequalities, especially in health education, which impacts health sector services. Thus, this article aims to describe the situation of planetary health and health education in Brazil, identifying how current policies support the cause of planetary health. This study had a qualitative approach characterised as exploratory research based on an integrative review and documentary research. The results show that, in recent decades, there have been positive improvements to achieve collective and planetary health, which advocates empathy and pro-environmental and humanitarian attitudes. However, the pursuit of planetary health in Brazil is being influenced by various challenges, ranging from the need for a sound policy framework to provisions of education and training on planetary health. Based on the need to address these deficiencies, the paper suggests some measures which should be considered as part of efforts to realise the potential of planetary health in the fifth largest country in the world.

Fatores Associados à não Realização de Colpocitologia Oncótica nas Capitais da Região Sul do Brasil / Factors Associated with not Performing Oncotic Colpocytology in the Capital Cities of the Southern Region of Brazil

Introdução: A colpocitologia oncótica é um meio de rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino. O estudo objetivou analisar os fatores associados à não realização desse rastreamento no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com mulheres entrevistadas pela VIGITEL nas capitais do sul do Brasil, envolvendo 1847 registros. Foram incluídas mulheres de 25 a 64 anos de idade. A variável dependente foi a não realização de colpocitologia oncótica nos três anos anteriores à pesquisa, enquanto as independentes foram características sociodemográficas e clínicas da população disponíveis. Análises bivariada e multivariada foram feitas por meio de Regressão Logística, em que foram estimadas as razões de chance com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Do total, 1710 registros foram incluídos, com 250 (14,6%) mulheres que responderam não terem realizado, e 1460 (85,4%) terem realizado o procedimento nos últimos três anos. Resultados da análise multivariada evidenciaram que mulheres de 40 a 64 anos apresentaram chance 2,24 maior (IC 95% 1,52; 2,78) (p < 0,001) e aquelas com diabetes mellitus, 1,74 chance (IC 95% 1,13; 2,67) (p = 0,012) de não realização do exame nos últimos três anos. Conclusão: A chance de não realização de colpocitologia oncótica esteve associada à faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos e por apresentar diabetes mellitus na população estudada.

Introduction: Oncotic colpocytology is a method of screening for cervical cancer. The study aimed to analyze the factors associated with not performing this screening in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with women interviewed by VIGITEL in the capitals of Southern Brazil involving 1847 records. The participants included were women aged 25 to 64 years. The dependent variable was not performing oncotic colpocytology in the three years before the survey, while the independent variables were sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population available. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Logistic Regression, in which odds ratios were estimated with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of the total, 1710 records were included, with 250 (14.6%) women responding that they had not performed and 1460 (85.4%) having performed the procedure in the last three years. Results of multivariate analysis showed that women aged 40 to 64 years had a 2.24 greater chance (95% CI 1.52; 2.78) (p < 0.001) and those with diabetes mellitus a 1.74 chance (95% CI 1.13; 2.67) (p = 0.012) of not having had the exam in the last three years. Conclusion: The chance of not performing oncotic colpocytology was associated with the age range of 40 to 64 years and diabetes mellitus in the studied population.

Analysis of the first test event in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021: an experience report. / Análise do primeiro evento-teste de Santa Catarina no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, em julho de 2021: um relato de experiência.

This study aimed to describe the management and results of the test event for evaluating relaxation of social distancing measures in Santa Catarina, Brazil. This is an experience report that described results of the test event carried out in July 2021 and for which the participants underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction diagnostic testing 72-48 hours before the event and had follow-up for 15 days afterwards. The outcomes analyzed were SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 14 days after the event and presence of symptoms. Among 313 participants, the mean age was 45.1 years and 54.3% were female. During follow-up, 7.7% (24) of the contacted participants reported symptoms compatible with infection, but of the 240 who attended post-event testing, none of the results detected the presence of the virus. No post-event COVID-19 cases were reported. We suggest that other test events be carried out to evaluate the recommendations indicated.

Este estudo visou descrever a gestão e os resultados do evento-teste para flexibilização das medidas de distanciamento em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de relato de experiência que descreveu os resultados do evento-teste, realizado em julho de 2021, quando os participantes foram submetidos ao teste diagnóstico de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real 72-48 horas antes, sendo monitorados por 15 dias. Os desfechos analisados foram a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 até 14 dias após o evento e a presença de sintomas. Entre 313 participantes, a média de idade foi de 45,1 anos e 54,3% eram do sexo feminino. No monitoramento, 7,7% (24) dos participantes contactados relataram sintomas compatíveis com infecção, embora, dos 240 que compareceram para testagem pós-evento, nenhum resultado tenha acusado presença do vírus. Não houve registro de casos de COVID-19 pós-evento. Sugere-se realização de outros eventos-teste para avaliar as recomendações indicadas.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la gestión y los resultados del evento test para flexibilizar las medidas de distanciamiento en Santa Catarina, Brasil. Este es un relato de experiencia que describe los resultados del evento, realizado en julio de 2021 y para el cual, los participantes se sometieron a la prueba diagnóstica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real, 72-48 horas antes, monitoreados durante 15 días. Los desenlaces analizados fueron la infección por SARS-CoV-2 hasta 14 días después del evento y presencia de síntomas. Entre 313 participantes, la edad promedio fue de 45,1 años y 54,3% fueran del sexo femenino. En el seguimiento, 7,7% (24) reportaron síntomas compatibles con infección, pero de los 240 que acudieron a los exámenes posteriores al evento, ninguno de los resultados detectó virus. No se informaron casos de COVID-19 posteriores al evento. Se sugiere realizar otros eventos de prueba para evaluar las recomendaciones indicadas.